Fulgoroidea Checklist: Planthoppers
Planthoppers from the superfamily Fulgoroidea are plant-feeding insects which “hop” in the same fashion as grasshoppers. The nymphs, as well as some females, produce wax from special glands and some of them can be exceptionally flamboyant. Planthoppers can be differentiated from other “hoppers” (such as treehoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers) by its Y-shaped anal veins in the forewing, and the thick three-segmented antennae.
Checklist
This page consists of a personal checklist of all Planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) that I’ve encountered over the years. Most were identified with the help from the kind folks on Flickr and Facebook, especially Jerome Constant, Doug Yanega and Solomon Hendrix (Flickr)
All photos are of live subjects shot in the field, with the dorsal view selected where available. Click on individual photos for larger views and views from other angles. As specimens were not collected, identifications were done purely based on photographs and may not be 100% accurate. I have also included some notes on the identifying traits of each family, primarily referenced from O’Brien & Wilson, 1988.
This page will be updated regularly, please let me know if you spot any mistakes.
View my Flickr photo albums by family:
- Acanaloniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
- Achilidae Stål, 1866
- Cixiidae Spinola, 1839
- Delphacidae Leach, 1815
- Derbidae Spinola, 1839
- Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839
- Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862
- Flatidae Spinola, 1839
- Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
- Issidae Spinola, 1839
- Kinnaridae Muir, 1925
- Lophopidae Stål, 1866
- Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872
- Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
- Ricaniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
- Tettigometrae Germar, 1821
- Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866
References
- O’Brien & Wilson, 1988: Planthopper Systematics and External Morphology (In: Nault L. R. & Rodriguez J. G. 1985 – The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, Wiley. p. 61-101.)
- Classification of the North American Fulgoroidea
- Planthoppers of North America
Region Filters
Click on any region to show only records from that region.
Class: Insecta Linnaeus, 1758
Order: Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807
Family: Acanaloniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
Acanaloniidae is identified by the single spine on each side of the second hind tarsomere and no spines on the sides of the tibiae. Sometimes misidentified as Flatidae, which are easily separated by their parallel crossveins in the costal area.
Belize: Acanaloniidae
Family: Achilidae Stål, 1866
Achilidae is identified by the fore wings overlapping distally and most are dorsoventrally flattened.
East Malaysia: Achilidae 8121
East Malaysia: Achilidae 8121
Peru: cf. Plectoderes collaris Coquebert de Montbret, 1801
Peru: cf. Plectoderes collaris Coquebert de Montbret, 1801
Singapore: Achilidae 2336
Singapore: Achilidae 2342
East Malaysia: Achilidae 4199
West Malaysia: cf. Faventilla sp. P8288351
Family: Cixiidae Spinola, 1839
Cixiidae is identified by its membranous fore wings, usually having tubercles set with small setae along the veins.
Singapore: cf.Andes sp.
West Malaysia: cf. Cixiidae 3853
Singapore: Cixiidae 4880
Singapore: Cixiidae 4876
Singapore: Cixiidae 8703
Singapore: Cixiidae 1673
Singapore: Bennini
Singapore: Bennini
East Malaysia: cf. Cixiidae 6840
East Malaysia: cf. Cixiidae 6843
Singapore: cf. Cixiidae
Singapore: Andini
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6142709
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6144020
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6142894
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6143291
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6143221
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6154534
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6154458
Ecuador: Cixiidae P6155011
Ecuador: Andini P4235394
Cixiidae Nymphs
Family: Delphacidae Leach, 1815
Delphacidae is identified by its hind tibial spur.
Singapore: Delphacidae 5487
Singapore: Delphacidae 5481
Family: Derbidae Spinola, 1839
Most members of Derbidae have the apical joint of the rostrum as wide as long, although some genera have it longer than wide. Most can be identified by the second hind tarsomere with a row of apical spines, but some genera have a single spine on each side.
Singapore: Derbidae 3257
Singapore: Derbidae 3252
West Malaysia: Derbidae 9405
West Malaysia: Derbidae 9414
Singapore: Derbidae 6521
Singapore: Derbidae 6520
Singapore: Derbidae 7118
Singapore: Derbidae 7118
Singapore: Derbidae 1031
Singapore: Derbidae 9683
East Malaysia: Derbidae 6287
East Malaysia: Derbidae 6274
West Malaysia: Derbidae 2695
West Malaysia: Derbidae 2699
Singapore: Derbidae 3260
Singapore: Derbidae 3260
Singapore: Derbidae 6010
Singapore: Derbidae 6019
Singapore: Derbidae 0893
Singapore: Derbidae 0899
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5722
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5747
Singapore: Derbidae 7310
Singapore: Derbidae 1719
Singapore: Otiocerus sp.
Singapore: Derbidae 5970
Singapore: cf. Derbidae 1383
Singapore: Derbidae 2678
Singapore: Derbidae 8574
Singapore: Derbidae 7861
East Malaysia: Derbidae 5153
Singapore: cf. Neoproutista sp. 8640
Peru: Derbidae 3541
Peru: Derbidae 4176
Singapore: Saccharodite sp. 9107
West Malaysia: Derbidae 9107
East Malaysia: Derbidae 3868
East Malaysia: Derbidae 4640
East Malaysia: Derbidae 4612
Madagascar: Derbidae
Ecuador: Cedusa sp.
Ecuador: Patarini P6067911
Ecuador: Derbidae P6078542
Ecuador: Derbidae P6101494
Ecuador: Derbidae P6088829
Ecuador: Derbidae P6100007
Ecuador: Derbidae P6142990
Ecuador: Shellenius sp. P6143054
Ecuador: Derbidae P6143351
Ecuador: Derbidae P6143539
Singapore: Zoraidini > Lyddina P1205811b
Singapore: Zoraidini P2269077
Singapore: cf. Neoproutista sp. P4164623
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Derbidae Nymphs
Singapore: Derbidae 3139
Singapore: Derbidae 3146
Singapore: Derbidae 6742
Singapore: Derbidae 6722
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5726
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5726
Family: Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839
Dictyopharidae is identified by the row of apical spines on the second hind tarsomere and either a cephalic projection or the frons with two or three median carinae. The lateral carinae of the frons are continued on the clypeus. Some species have crossveins in the apical part of the hind wings, but not in the anal area.
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8063
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8063
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. 0059
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. 0057
Singapore: Dictyopharidae P8162645
Singapore: Dictyopharidae P8162646
Singapore: cf. Raivuna nakanonis (Matsumura, 1910)
Singapore: cf. Raivuna nakanonis (Matsumura, 1910)
Ecuador: Dictyopharidae
Dictyopharidae Nymphs
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7848
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7858
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7025
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7418
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8788
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8786
Singapore: Dictyopharidae 7897
Family: Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862
Eurybrachidae is identified by second hind tarsomere without spines and vertex with width three times length in midline.
East Malaysia: Eurybrachidae 4242
East Malaysia: Eurybrachidae 4242
Cambodia: Ancyra sp.
Cambodia: Ancyra sp.
East Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
East Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
West Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
Eurybrachidae Nymphs
West Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
Family: Flatidae Spinola, 1839
Flatidae is identified by numerous parallel crossveins along the costal margin and the tubercles on the clavus, along with the single spine on each side of the second hind tarsomere.
Singapore: Flatidae 7246
Singapore: Flatidae 3384
Singapore: Lawana conspersa (Walker, 1851)
East Malaysia: Flatidae 7026
East Malaysia: Flatidae or Acanolidae 8075
Singapore: cf. Siphanta sp. 7202
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Flatidae 8114
Singapore: Flatidae 3044
Singapore: Flatidae 0144
Singapore: Flatidae 9267
Cambodia: Flatidae 5250
East Malaysia: Flatidae 8895
Singapore: Flatidae 3216163
Singapore: Satapa sp.
Singapore: Satapa ferruginea (Walker, 1851)
East Malaysia: Flatidae 7119
Singapore: Flatidae 5110
Singapore: Flatidae 5475
Singapore: Bythopsyrna sp. 3286
Flatidae Nymphs
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Flatidae 9777
West Malaysia: Flatidae 6139
East Malaysia: Flatidae 8338
West Malaysia: Flatoidinae 0522
Singapore: Flatidae 1786
Singapore: Flatidae 1799
Singapore: Flatidae 6578
Singapore: cf. Satapa sp. PA140370
Singapore: cf. Satapa sp. PA140378
Family: Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
Fulgoridae is identified by second hind tarsomere with row of apical spines and both apical and anal area of hind wings with cross veins. The marginal carinae on the frons are continued on to the clypeus, like in Dictyopharidae, Lophopidae and Nogodinidae. Differentiated from Eurybrachidae by the latter’s absence of apical spines on the second hind tarsomere.
Fulgoridae Checklist: Lantern BugsFamily: Issidae Spinola, 1839
Issidae usually lacks carinae on clypeus, usually with opaque fore wings, usually have the apical costal margin of the fore wing deflexed or reflexed.
Indonesia: Hemisphaerius sp. 5963
Indonesia: Hemisphaerius sp. 5855
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 9306
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 0642
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 4056
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 9590
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 6736
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 6740
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 4778
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 4788
Singapore: cf. Thabena sp. PA120207
Singapore: cf. Thabena sp. PA120212
Singapore: cf. Thabena sp. 3871
Ecuador: Issidae P6078734
East Malaysia: Gergithus floreni Constant, 2021
East Malaysia: Gergithus floreni Constant, 2021
West Malaysia: Gergithus sp.
West Malaysia: Gergithus sp.
Issidae Nymphs
West Malaysia: Parahiraciini 8804
West Malaysia: Parahiraciini 8807
Singapore: Parahiraciini
Singapore: Parahiraciini
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp.
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp.
Singapore: Issidae 6852
Singapore: Issidae 6860
East Malaysia: Issidae 0398
East Malaysia: Issidae 0398
East Malaysia: Issidae 8226
East Malaysia: Issidae 8230
West Malaysia: Issidae 6664
Family: Kinnaridae Muir, 1925
Kinnaridae is identified by the wax-secreting plates on tergites 7 – 9 for females.
West Malaysia: cf. Kinnaridae 6147
West Malaysia: cf. Kinnaridae 6144
Family: Lophopidae Stål, 1866
Lophopidae is identified by the absence of spines on the second hind tarsomere, compound eyes normal, vertex with width less than three times length, frons usually longer than wide or with one to three longitudinal carinae.
Singapore: Lophopidae 6123
Singapore: Lophopidae 6129
Singapore: Lophopidae 3774
Singapore: Lophopidae 3762
West Malaysia: Lophopidae 4455
East Malaysia: Lophopidae 7935
Mozambique: Lophopidae 3876
Mozambique: Lophopidae 3881
Mozambique: Lophopidae 3353
Ecuador: Lophopidae P6101188
Family: Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872
Meenoplidae is identified by one or both claval veins tuberculate, second hind tarsomere with apical spines, and abdominal terga divided medially into two plates.
Singapore: cf. Meenoplidae 8942
Singapore: cf. Meenoplidae 8936
Singapore: Nisia sp.
Singapore: cf. Meenoplidae 1134
Ecuador: Meenoplidae
Family: Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
Most members of Nogodinidae have membranous fore wings with many veins similar to that of Ricaniidae but slightly more rounded and less triangular. There is usually a lateral carina on the clypeus, like in Fulgoridae, Dictyopharidae and Lophopidae.
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 8731
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 8641
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 1156
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 0671
Peru: Nogodinidae 2689
Peru: Nogodinidae 2692
East Malaysia: Nogodinidae 6441
Singapore: Nogodinidae 8381
Singapore: Nogodinidae 7072
Family: Ricaniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
Members of Ricaniidae have many crossveins in the precostal area, like Nogodinidae and Flatidae, but they have no spines on the second hind tarsomere. The fore wings are usually subtriangular, tectiform, and membranous with dark patterns or dark with membranous clear areas (similar to some moths).
Singapore: Ricanula stigmatica (Stål, 1869)
Singapore: Ricania taeniata Stål, 1870
Singapore: Ricaniidae 9265
West Malaysia: Ricaniidae 4172
West Malaysia: Ricaniidae 8812
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 4299
Singapore: Ricaniidae 1792
Singapore: Ricaniidae 6565
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 9624
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 5326
West Malaysia: Ricaniidae 9121
Singapore: Ricaniidae 3318
Singapore: Pochazia sp. P7110207
Singapore: Pochazia sp. 2219
Singapore: Pochazia transversa Melichar, 1898
Madagascar: Ricaniidae 7080
Ricaniidae Nymphs
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8313
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8308
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8319
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8301
Singapore: Ricaniidae 0174
Singapore: Ricaniidae 0180
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7488
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7493
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8781
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8793
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7453
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7457
Family: Tettigometridae Germar, 1821
Singapore: Egropa sp.
Tettigometridae Nymphs
Singapore: Tettigometridae 9215
Family: Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866
Tropiduchidae is identified by the groove or fine line separating the apex of the mesonotum from the rest of the disk. Some are similar to Dictyopharidae in being green, depressed, and with a triangular shape, but may be separated from them by the spines of the hind tarsomeres and the wing venation. In Dictyopharidae, the branching of longitudinal veins and crossveins gradually increase toward the apex while in Tropiduchidae, the nodal line sets off the apex of the wing where crossveins are found.
Singapore: cf. Kallitaxila granulata (Stål, 1870)
West Malaysia: Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: cf. Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: cf. Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: Paricana dilatipennis Walker, 1857
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 0422
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9335
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9335
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 0068
Mozambique: Togoda sp. 5820
East Malaysia: Tropiduchidae 4559
Tropiduchidae Nymphs
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9215
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9220
Singapore: Kallitaxila cf. granulata (Stål, 1870)
West Malaysia: cf. Tropiduchidae 3162
