Fulgoromorpha Checklist: Planthoppers
Planthoppers from the infraorder Fulgoromorpha are plant-feeding insects which “hop” in the same fashion as grasshoppers. The nymphs, as well as some females, produce wax from special glands and some of them can be exceptionally flamboyant. Planthoppers can be differentiated from other “hoppers” (such as treehoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers) by its Y-shaped anal veins in the forewing, and the thick three-segmented antennae.
Checklist
This page consists of a personal checklist of all Planthoppers (Fulgoromorpha) that I’ve encountered over the years. Most were identified with the help from the kind folks on iNaturalist, Flickr and Facebook, especially WonGun Kim, Jerome Constant, Doug Yanega and Solomon Hendrix (Flickr)
All photos are of live subjects shot in the field, with the dorsal view selected where available. Click on individual photos for larger views and views from other angles. As specimens were not collected, identifications were done purely based on photographs and may not be 100% accurate. I have also included some notes on the identifying traits of each family, primarily referenced from O’Brien & Wilson, 1988.
This page will be updated regularly, please let me know if you spot any mistakes.
View my Flickr photo albums of Fulgoromorpha by family:
- Delphacoidea Leach, 1815
- Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807
- Acanaloniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
- Achilidae Stål, 1866
- Caliscelidae Amyot & Serville, 1843
- Derbidae Spinola, 1839
- Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839
- Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862
- Flatidae Spinola, 1839
- Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
- Issidae Spinola, 1839
- Kinnaridae Muir, 1925
- Lophopidae Stål, 1866
- Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872
- Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
- Ricaniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
- Tettigometrae Germar, 1821
- Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866
References
- O’Brien & Wilson, 1988: Planthopper Systematics and External Morphology (In: Nault L. R. & Rodriguez J. G. 1985 – The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, Wiley. p. 61-101.)
- Classification of the North American Fulgoroidea
- Planthoppers of North America
Region Filters
Click on any region to show only records from that region.
Class: Insecta Linnaeus, 1758
Order: Hemiptera Linnaeus, 1758
Infraorder: Fulgoromorpha Evans, 1946
Superfamily: Delphacoidea Leach, 1815
Family: Cixiidae Spinola, 1839
Cixiidae is identified by its membranous fore wings, usually having tubercles set with small setae along the veins.
Singapore: Cixiidae P1281349
Singapore: Cixiidae P1281350
West Malaysia: cf. Cixiidae 3853
East Malaysia: Cixiidae P3103244
Subfamily: Cixiinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe: Andini Emeljanov, 2002
Singapore: Andes sp. P4188006
Singapore: Andes sp. P4177875
East Malaysia: Andes sp. DSC_3760
Thailand: Parandes circinatus Wang & Chen, 2023
Singapore: Andini P4164921
Singapore: Andini P2241574
Singapore: Andini PC252400
Singapore: Andini PC252389
Singapore: Andini P4235394
West Malaysia: Andini DSC_3100
Tribe: Bennini Metcalf, 1938
Singapore: Bennini P4188509
Singapore: Bennini P4188512
Singapore: Bennini PB040714
East Malaysia: Bennini DSC_4217
East Malaysia: Bennini P7073646
East Malaysia: Bennini P7073651
Singapore: Bennini PB040714
East Malaysia: Bennini P3102939
Tribe: Borysthenini Emeljanov, 1989
East Malaysia: Borysthenes sp. P3091879
East Malaysia: Borysthenes sp. P3091885
East Malaysia: Borysthenes sp. 4640
Tribe: Cixiini Muir, 1923
Ecuador: Cixiini P6144022
Ecuador: Cixiini P6144020
Tribe: Eucarpiini Emeljanov, 2002
Singapore: Neocarpia sp. P1271282
Singapore: Kirbyana or Dilacreon sp. P7110029
Singapore: Eucarpiini 1673
Singapore: Eucarpiini 8703
Tribe: Mnemosynini Emeljanov, 1992
East Malaysia: Mnemosyne sp. DSC_6840
East Malaysia: Mnemosyne sp. DSC_6843
Singapore: Mnemosynini 4880
Singapore: Mnemosynini 4876
West Malaysia: Mnemosynini P1229844
Tribe: Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971
Singapore: Pentastirini P3262983
Singapore: cf. Oliarus sp.
West Malaysia: Pentastirini 6147
West Malaysia: Pentastirini 6144
Tribe: Pintaliini Metcalf, 1938
Ecuador: Muirolonia sp. P6142709
Ecuador: Muirolonia sp. P6142894
Ecuador: Muirolonia sp. P6154098
Ecuador: Muirolonia sp. P6154090
Ecuador: Pintaliini P6154458
Ecuador: Pintaliini P6155011
Ecuador: Pintaliini P6154534
Ecuador: Pintaliini P6143221
Ecuador: Pintaliini P6143291
Family: Delphacidae Leach, 1815
Delphacidae is identified by its hind tibial spur.
East Malaysia: Delphacidae P7052574
East Malaysia: Delphacidae P7052568
East Malaysia: Delphacidae P7105858
Subfamily: Asiracinae Motschulsky, 1863
Tribe: Ugyopini Fennah, 1979
East Malaysia: Ugyops sp. P7052424
East Malaysia: Ugyops sp. P7052426
Singapore: Ugyops sp. 5487
Singapore: Ugyops sp. 5481
Singapore: Ugyops sp. P4306165
Singapore: Ugyops sp. P4306170
West Malaysia: Ugyops sp. P7012002
West Malaysia: Ugyops sp. P7012003
West Malaysia: Ugyops sp. P3175381
Superfamily: Fulgoroidea Latreille, 1807
Family: Acanaloniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
Acanaloniidae is identified by the single spine on each side of the second hind tarsomere and no spines on the sides of the tibiae. Sometimes misidentified as Flatidae, which are easily separated by their parallel crossveins in the costal area.
Belize: Acanaloniidae
Family: Achilidae Stål, 1866
Achilidae is identified by the fore wings overlapping distally and most are dorsoventrally flattened.
Singapore: Achilidae 2336
Singapore: Achilidae 2342
East Malaysia: Achilidae 4199
Ecuador: Achilidae P6143539
Thailand: Achilidae PB182243
Thailand: Achilidae PB182244
Singapore: Achilidae P8073315
Singapore: Achilidae P8073314
Singapore: Achilidae P8066335
Singapore: Achilidae P8066338
East Malaysia: Achilidae P7084747
East Malaysia: Achilidae P3114149
Subfamily: Achilinae Stål, 1866
Tribe: Achilini Fennah, 1950
East Malaysia: Elidipterina 8121
East Malaysia: Elidipterina 8121
West Malaysia: Faventilla pustulata Walker, 1857
Subfamily: Myconinae Fennah, 1950
Tribe: Plectoderini Fennah, 1950
Peru: Plectoderes collaris Coquebert de Montbret, 1801
Peru: Plectoderes collaris Coquebert de Montbret, 1801
Family: Caliscelidae Amyot & Serville, 1843
Subfamily: Caliscelinae Melichar, 1906
Tribe: Caliscelini Amyot & Serville, 1843
Ecuador: Caliscelini P6101188
Ecuador: Caliscelini P6101196
Family: Derbidae Spinola, 1839
Most members of Derbidae have the apical joint of the rostrum as wide as long, although some genera have it longer than wide. Most can be identified by the second hind tarsomere with a row of apical spines, but some genera have a single spine on each side.
Singapore: Nesorhamma sp. 8942
Singapore: Nesorhamma sp. 8936
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5722
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5747
Singapore: cf. Derbidae 1383
Singapore: Derbidae 1719
Ecuador: Derbidae P6078542
Madagascar: Derbidae
Subfamily: Breddiniolinae Fennah, 1950
Tribe: Cedusini Emeljanov, 1992
Peru: Cedusini DSC_2297
Ecuador: Cedusa sp.
Subfamily: Derbinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe: Cenchreini Muir, 1917
Singapore: Goneokara pullum Muir, 1913
Singapore: Goneokara pullum Muir, 1913
West Malaysia: Cenchreini P7012236
West Malaysia: Cenchreini P7012242
East Malaysia: Cenchreini P7052956
East Malaysia: Cenchreini P7052954
Singapore: Vekunta sp. P2127620
Ecuador: Cenchreini P6142990
Ecuador: Cenchreini P6088822
Ecuador: Cenchreini P6088825
Tribe: Derbini Spinola, 1839
Ecuador: Derbe sp. P6100007
Peru: Derbe sp. DSC_4176
Ecuador: Mysidiina P6088829
Ecuador: Derbidae P6101494
Peru: Derbidae 3541
Peru: Derbidae 4176
Tribe: Nicertini Emeljanov, 1992
Singapore: Robigus sp. P2241378
Singapore: Nicerta cf. fervens Walker, 1857
West Malaysia: Leptaleocera sp. P3175255
West Malaysia: Leptaleocera sp. P3175257
Singapore: Derbidae 8574
East Malaysia: Leptaleocera sp. 5153
Singapore: Derbidae 2678
Singapore: Derbidae 5970
Singapore: Megatropis sp. P5240520
East Malaysia: Megatropis immaculata Muir, 1913
Subfamily: Otiocerinae Muir, 1917
Tribe: Kamendakini Emeljanov, 1995
Singapore: cf. Kamendaka sp. P9188283
Singapore: cf. Kamendaka sp. P9188281
Tribe: Otiocerini Muir, 1917
East Malaysia: Mysidioides sp. DSC_9730
East Malaysia: Mysidioides sp. DSC_9730
Thailand: Mysidioides sp. PB214522
Singapore: Mysidioides sp. P8247123
Ecuador: Shellenius sp. P6143054
Ecuador: Shellenius sp. P6143351
East Malaysia: cf. Swezeyia sp. P7052467
Singapore: cf. Pepleuca albipennis Muir, 1915
Tribe: Patarini Emeljanov, 1994
Ecuador: Patarini P6067911
Tribe: Rhotanini Muir, 1913
Singapore: Alara sp.
West Malaysia: Alara cornigera Zelazny, 2011
East Malaysia: Rhotana holtmanni Zelazny, 2011
Singapore: Rhotana marmorata Zelazny, 1981
East Malaysia: Rhotana semiopalina Muir, 1926
East Malaysia: Rhotana venosa Distant, 1906
Singapore: Rhotana sp. P5046433
Singapore: Rhotana sp. P5046441
Singapore: Saccharodite coccinea Zelazny, 1981
East Malaysia: Saccharodite sp. P3114155
East Malaysia: Saccharodite sp. 3868
West Malaysia: Saccharodite sp. DSC_7939
East Malaysia: Sumangala sp. P3137848
Thailand: Sumangala sp. PB215350
Singapore: Derbidae
East Malaysia: Alara sp. 4612
Tribe: Zoraidini Muir, 1913
East Malaysia: Peggiopsis sp. P7052519
East Malaysia: Peggiopsis sp. P7052526
Singapore: Zoraida sp. P8076649
Singapore: Zoraida sp. P8076654
East Malaysia: cf. Zoraida sp. P7052519
East Malaysia: cf. Zoraida sp. P7052526
Singapore: Lyddina P1205811b
Singapore: Lyddina 0893
West Malaysia: Zoraidini P1230132
Singapore: cf. Neoproutista sp. P4164623
Singapore: cf. Neoproutista sp. 8640
Singapore: Zoraidini P2269077
Singapore: Derbidae 1031
Singapore: Derbidae P2144627
East Malaysia: Derbidae 6287
East Malaysia: Derbidae 6274
West Malaysia: Derbidae 2695
West Malaysia: Derbidae 2699
Singapore: Derbidae 3260
Singapore: Derbidae 3260
Singapore: Derbidae 6010
Singapore: Derbidae 6019
Singapore: Derbidae 6521
Singapore: Derbidae 6520
Singapore: Derbidae 7118
Singapore: Derbidae 7118
East Malaysia: cf. Neoproutista sp. P3137445
East Malaysia: cf. Neoproutista sp. P3137445
Singapore: Zeugma elegans Muir, 1926
Derbidae Nymphs
Singapore: Derbidae 3139
Singapore: Derbidae 3146
Singapore: Derbidae 6742
Singapore: Derbidae 6722
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5726
West Malaysia: Derbidae 5726
Family: Dictyopharidae Spinola, 1839
Dictyopharidae is identified by the row of apical spines on the second hind tarsomere and either a cephalic projection or the frons with two or three median carinae. The lateral carinae of the frons are continued on the clypeus. Some species have crossveins in the apical part of the hind wings, but not in the anal area.
Ecuador: Dictyopharidae P6154285
Ecuador: Dictyopharidae P6154360
Subfamily: Dictyopharinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe: Dictyopharini Melichar, 1912
Singapore: Raivuna cf. nakanonis (Matsumura, 1910)
Singapore: Raivuna cf. nakanonis (Matsumura, 1910)
Tribe: Orthopagini Emeljanov, 1983
East Malaysia: Centromeria maculata Song & Webb & Liang 2016
East Malaysia: Centromeria maculata Song & Webb & Liang 2016
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. 0059
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. 0057
Singapore: Dictyopharina longicephala Song & Liang, 2006
Singapore: Dictyopharina longicephala Song & Liang, 2006
East Malaysia: Miasa nigromaculata Song, Webb & Liang, 2014
Dictyopharidae Nymphs
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7848
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7858
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7025
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 7418
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8788
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae 8786
Singapore: Dictyopharidae 7897
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae P3103316
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. P7084316
East Malaysia: Centromeria sp. P7084326
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae P1230536
West Malaysia: Dictyopharidae P1230541
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae P7095633
East Malaysia: Dictyopharidae P7095638
Family: Eurybrachidae Stål, 1862
Eurybrachidae is identified by second hind tarsomere without spines and vertex with width three times length in midline.
Subfamily: Eurybrachinae Stal, 1862
Tribe: Eurybrachini Stål, 1862
East Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
East Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
West Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
West Malaysia: Thessitus sp.
Tribe: Frutini Schmidt 1908
East Malaysia: Chalia sp. DSC_4242
East Malaysia: Chalia sp. DSC_4597
Tribe: Loxocephalini Schmidt, 1908
Thailand: Loxocephala unipunctata Chou & Huang 1984
Thailand: Loxocephala unipunctata Chou & Huang 1984
Subfamily: Platybrachinae Metcalf, 1952
Tribe: Ancyrini Schmidt, 1908
Cambodia: Ancyra sp.
Cambodia: Ancyra sp.
Thailand: Ancyra sp.
Thailand: Ancyra sp.
Family: Flatidae Spinola, 1839
Flatidae is identified by numerous parallel crossveins along the costal margin and the tubercles on the clavus, along with the single spine on each side of the second hind tarsomere.
Singapore: Flatidae 7246
Singapore: Flatidae 8114
Singapore: Flatidae 3044
Cambodia: Flatidae 5250
East Malaysia: Flatidae 8895
Singapore: Flatidae 5110
Subfamily: Flatinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe: Ceryniini Distant, 1906
East Malaysia: Bythopsyrna tineoides (Olivier, 1791)
Thailand: Bythopsyrna trichrousa Peng, Zhang & Wang, 2010
Singapore: Cerynia albata (Stål, 1854)
Singapore: Copsyrna maculata (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Tribe: Flatini Spinola, 1839
Singapore: Daeda sp. P1271272
West Malaysia: Flatomorpha sp. P1218482
Singapore: Flatula cf. cribrata Melichar, 1902
West Malaysia: cf. Stenume kryptala Medler, 1999
Tribe: Lawanini Melichar, 1923
Singapore: Colobesthes falcata (Guérin-Méneville, 1834)
East Malaysia: Cromna acutipennis (Walker, 1857)
Singapore: Lawana conspersa (Walker, 1851)
East Malaysia: Lawana pryeri (Distant, 1880)
Thailand: Lawana radiata (Distant, 1906)
Tribe: Nephesini Distant, 1906
Singapore: Nephesa intrusa Melichar, 1902
Singapore: Nephesa ligata (Distant, 1892)
East Malaysia: Nephesa truncaticornis (Spinola, 1839)
West Malaysia: Nephesini P1218733
Singapore: cf. Sanurus sp. 0144
Tribe: Ormenisini Medler, 2001
Singapore: Anaya luteimargo (Walker, 1857)
Tribe: Phyllyphantini Melichar, 1923
Singapore: Salurnis sp.
Singapore: Salurnis cf. marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Singapore: Salurnis marginella (Guérin-Méneville, 1829)
Tribe: Selizini Distant, 1906
Singapore: Seliza vidua (Stål, 1854)
Singapore: Seliza vidua (Stål, 1854)
Singapore: Seliza vidua (Stål, 1854)
Tribe: Siphantini Melichar, 1923
Singapore: cf. Siphanta sp. 7202
Subfamily: Flatoidinae Melichar, 1901
Singapore: Flatoidinae P1226274
Singapore: Flatoidinae P2198322
Tribe: Flatoidini Melichar, 1901
East Malaysia: Atracis sp. P3103581
Singapore: Uxantis cf. reversa Melichar, 1902
Flatidae Nymphs
Singapore: Flatidae 9777
West Malaysia: Flatidae 6139
East Malaysia: Flatidae 8338
West Malaysia: Flatoidinae 0522
Singapore: Flatidae 1786
Singapore: Flatidae 1799
Singapore: Flatidae 6578
Family: Fulgoridae Latreille, 1807
Fulgoridae is identified by second hind tarsomere with row of apical spines and both apical and anal area of hind wings with cross veins. The marginal carinae on the frons are continued on to the clypeus, like in Dictyopharidae, Lophopidae and Nogodinidae. Differentiated from Eurybrachidae by the latter’s absence of apical spines on the second hind tarsomere.
Fulgoridae Checklist: Lantern BugsFamily: Issidae Spinola, 1839
Issidae usually lacks carinae on clypeus, usually with opaque fore wings, usually have the apical costal margin of the fore wing deflexed or reflexed.
Ecuador: Issidae P6078734
Subfamily: Hemisphaeriinae Melichar, 1906
Tribe: Eupilisini Gnezdilov, 2020
East Malaysia: Eupilisini DSC_6497
East Malaysia: Eupilisini DSC_6458
Tribe: Hemisphaeriini Melichar, 1906
West Malaysia: Gergithoides sp. P3165146
West Malaysia: Gergithoides sp. P3165170
East Malaysia: Gergithus floreni Constant, 2021
East Malaysia: Gergithus floreni Constant, 2021
West Malaysia: Gergithus sp.
West Malaysia: Gergithus sp.
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
Singapore: Hemisphaerius cf. formosus Melichar, 1913
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius rufovarius Walker, 1858
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius typicus Walker, 1857
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius typicus Walker, 1857
Indonesia: Hemisphaerius sp. 5963
Indonesia: Hemisphaerius sp. 5855
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 9306
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 0642
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 4778
Singapore: Hemisphaerius sp. 4788
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 4056
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 9590
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 6736
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. 6740
West Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. P7012052
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. P3138005
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp. P7095137
Tribe: Parahiraciini Cheng & Yang, 1991
Singapore: Parahiraciini PA120207
Singapore: Parahiraciini PA120212
Singapore: Parahiraciini P9229477
Singapore: Parahiraciini P9229482
Singapore: Parahiraciini 3871
Issidae Nymphs
West Malaysia: cf. Gergithus sp. P1219390
West Malaysia: cf. Gergithus sp. P1219398
West Malaysia: Parahiraciini 8804
West Malaysia: Parahiraciini 8807
Singapore: Parahiraciini
Singapore: Parahiraciini
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp.
East Malaysia: Hemisphaerius sp.
Singapore: Issidae 6852
Singapore: Issidae 6860
East Malaysia: Issidae 0398
East Malaysia: Issidae 0398
East Malaysia: Issidae 8226
East Malaysia: Issidae 8230
West Malaysia: Issidae 6664
Family: Kinnaridae Muir, 1925
Kinnaridae is identified by the wax-secreting plates on tergites 7 – 9 for females.
Subfamily: Kinnarinae Muir, 1925
Tribe: Kinnarini Muir, 1925
West Malaysia: Kinnara unimaculata Liang, 2002
West Malaysia: Kinnara unimaculata Liang, 2002
East Malaysia: Kinnara sp.
East Malaysia: Kinnara sp.
Family: Lophopidae Stål, 1866
Lophopidae is identified by the absence of spines on the second hind tarsomere, compound eyes normal, vertex with width less than three times length, frons usually longer than wide or with one to three longitudinal carinae.
West Malaysia: Lophopidae 4455
East Malaysia: Lophopidae 7935
Singapore: Lophopidae
Ecuador: Lophopidae P6101188
Subfamily: Lophopinae Stål, 1866
Tribe: Elasmoscelini Melichar, 1915
Mozambique: Elasmoscelis sp. 3876
Mozambique: Elasmoscelis sp. 3881
Mozambique: Elasmoscelis sp. 3353
Tribe: Lophopini Stål, 1866
Singapore: Pitambara sp. P5240625
Singapore: Pitambara sp. P5240622
Subfamily: Menoscinae Melichar, 1915
Tribe: Menoscini Melichar, 1915
Singapore: Apia lineolata Distant, 1909
Singapore: Apia lineolata Distant, 1909
Thailand: Aluma exigua Melichar, 1915
Thailand: Aluma exigua Melichar, 1915
Family: Meenoplidae Fieber, 1872
Meenoplidae is identified by one or both claval veins tuberculate (appearing granular), second hind tarsomere with apical spines, and abdominal terga divided medially into two plates.
Singapore: Nisia sp.
Singapore: cf. Meenoplidae 1134
Subfamily: Kermesiinae Kirkaldy, 1906
West Malaysia: Kermesia sp. P3175352
West Malaysia: Kermesia sp. P3175349
East Malaysia: Kermesia sp. P3091891
East Malaysia: Kermesia sp. P3091889
Family: Nogodinidae Melichar, 1898
Most members of Nogodinidae have membranous fore wings with many veins similar to that of Ricaniidae but slightly more rounded and less triangular. There is usually a lateral carina on the clypeus, like in Fulgoridae, Dictyopharidae and Lophopidae.
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 8731
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 8641
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 1156
Singapore: cf. Cotylana sp. 0671
Peru: Nogodinidae 2689
Peru: Nogodinidae 2692
East Malaysia: Nogodinidae 6441
Singapore: Nogodinidae 8381
Singapore: Nogodinidae 7072
Singapore: Nogodinidae 5475
Nogodinidae Nymphs
Singapore: Nogodinidae P9198570
East Malaysia: Nogodinidae DSC_6004
Singapore: Nogodinidae DSC_8407
Singapore: Nogodinidae DSC_8826
Family: Ricaniidae Amyot and Serville, 1843
Members of Ricaniidae have many crossveins in the precostal area, like Nogodinidae and Flatidae, but they have no spines on the second hind tarsomere. The fore wings are usually subtriangular, tectiform, and membranous with dark patterns or dark with membranous clear areas (similar to some moths).
Singapore: Ricanula stigmatica (Stål, 1869)Ricanula sp.
Singapore: Ricania taeniata Stål, 1870
Singapore: Ricanula sp. 9265
West Malaysia: Ricaniidae 4172
West Malaysia: Ricaniidae 8812
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 4299
Singapore: Ricaniidae P6021146
Singapore: Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851)
Singapore: Ricaniidae 1792
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 9624
East Malaysia: Ricaniidae 5326
West Malaysia: Ricanoptera fenestrata (Fabricius, 1803)
Singapore: Ricaniidae 3318
Singapore: Pochazia sp. P7110207
Singapore: Pochazia sp. 2219
Singapore: Pochazia sinuata Stål, 1865
Madagascar: Ricaniidae 7080
Ricaniidae Nymphs
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8313
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8308
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8319
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8301
Singapore: Ricaniidae 0174
Singapore: Ricaniidae 0180
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7488
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7493
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8781
Singapore: Ricaniidae 8793
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7453
Singapore: Ricaniidae 7457
Family: Tettigometridae Germar, 1821
Singapore: Egropa sp.
Tettigometridae Nymphs
Singapore: Tettigometridae 9215
Family: Tropiduchidae Stål, 1866
Tropiduchidae is identified by the groove or fine line separating the apex of the mesonotum from the rest of the disk. Some are similar to Dictyopharidae in being green, depressed, and with a triangular shape, but may be separated from them by the spines of the hind tarsomeres and the wing venation. In Dictyopharidae, the branching of longitudinal veins and crossveins gradually increase toward the apex while in Tropiduchidae, the nodal line sets off the apex of the wing where crossveins are found.
Singapore: cf. Kallitaxila granulata (Stål, 1870)
West Malaysia: Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: cf. Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: cf. Paricana sp.
West Malaysia: Paricana dilatipennis Walker, 1857
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 0422
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9335
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9335
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 0068
Mozambique: Togoda sp. 5820
East Malaysia: Tropiduchidae 4559
Tropiduchidae Nymphs
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9215
Singapore: Tropiduchidae 9220
Singapore: Kallitaxila cf. granulata (Stål, 1870)
West Malaysia: cf. Tropiduchidae 3162
